Cyber Risk Special Advisory: eMudhra’s Certificate Misconfiguration Exposes Users to Website Impersonation and Data Theft

A flaw in eMudhra CA certificates, caused by misconfigured private keys generated in April 2025, allows threat actors to forge trusted digital certificates. While major tech providers have updated browsers, administrators are advised to manually patch vulnerable non-browser infrastructure.

In October 2026, researchers discovered a cryptographic flaw affecting eight intermediate Certificate Authority (CA) certificates issued by eMudhra. Out of roughly 50 to 60 globally trusted CAs whose approvals browsers trust, eMudhra operates on a global scale. The vulnerability originated from an internal misconfiguration during an April 2025 key generation ceremony, which resulted in the creation of master keys entirely lacking mathematical randomness for nearly 18 months. Because the private keys were generated as simple integers smaller than 256 characters, researchers were able to calculate and recover them in under a second.

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